Beyond Political Loyalty: Reassessing Ministerial Appointments in Gambian Governance: The Political-Technocratic Dilemma in Governance.
Alagi Yorro Jallow
Fatoumatta: Governance in The Gambia has undergone significant structural shifts, particularly in the transition from the 1970 Constitution to the 1997 Constitution. The earlier framework allowed parliamentarians to serve in cabinet positions, ensuring direct political representation in executive decision-making. However, the 1997 Constitution sought to establish a more professional governance model, separating political leadership from bureaucratic administration to uphold meritocracy and institutional integrity.
Yet, in practice, political appointees remain deeply engaged in party politics, shaping policy decisions based on electoral considerations rather than purely technocratic assessments. This raises critical questions: Should ministers prioritize political advocacy to advance the ruling party’s agenda, or should governance be insulated from partisan interests to ensure effective policy implementation? The answer lies in striking a balance between political leadership and administrative expertise—one that safeguards national interests while maintaining democratic accountability.
The ongoing debate about ministerial roles in The Gambia touches on a broader global discussion about governance models. Two distinct approaches dominate:
Westminster System (UK & Commonwealth Countries): Ministers provide political leadership while Permanent Secretaries ensure administrative continuity, preventing governance disruptions due to political transitions.
Presidential System (U.S. & Nigeria): Cabinet positions are often filled by political figures whose appointments require legislative scrutiny, ensuring some level of checks and balances.
The Gambia’s adoption of a Presidential system did not extend to requiring parliamentary scrutiny for ministerial appointments. Unlike Nigeria or the United States, where nominees undergo National Assembly or Senate confirmation hearings, Gambian Presidents hold absolute discretion in appointing and dismissing Ministers. This lack of oversight means that appointments often reflect political loyalty over technical competence, reinforcing executive dominance with the unchecked authority in ministerial appointments.
Fatoumatta: A defining characteristic of The Gambia’s governance structure is the President’s unrestricted power in ministerial appointments and dismissals. Without institutional checks, ministerial selections may prioritize party allegiance over merit-based governance. Additionally, the ability to dismiss ministers at will creates an environment where policy continuity is threatened by excessive turnover.
To strengthen governance, a future constitutional framework could introduce National Assembly oversight in ministerial appointments, ensuring that competency-based criteria guide selections. Moreover, establishing tenure protections for ministers—subject to performance evaluations—would help prevent arbitrary dismissals.
The challenge in Gambian governance is determining whether Ministers should focus primarily on political advocacy or administrative efficiency. Several concerns emerge. A politicized ministerial system risks inconsistency, as governance shifts based on electoral priorities rather than stable developmental goals. Unchecked political influence risks favoring loyalty over merit, reducing professionalism in governance. The absence of vetting mechanisms limits transparency, preventing citizens from assessing whether Ministers are qualified for their roles.
Fatoumatta: As The Gambia reassesses its governance framework, the debate over political appointments must be addressed in a future constitutional reform. Lessons from the 1970 and 1997 Constitutions highlight the need for a system that ensures professionalism while acknowledging the political realities of leadership.
A revised framework could introduce parliamentary oversight for cabinet appointments, reinforcing meritocracy while balancing political considerations. Additionally, strengthening bureaucratic mentorship programs—where Permanent Secretaries guide ministers in policy implementation—could ensure governance remains stable across administrations.
The Director of Press and Public Relations Ms. Amie Bojang-Sissoho’s commendable reflection on the role of Ministers and Permanent Secretaries highlights the importance of institutional professionalism in governance. Her call for further discussion at the National Dialogue level is particularly noteworthy, as it emphasizes the need for Gambians to engage critically with the evolving intersection of party politics, political appointments, and governance. Candid conversations like these strengthen democratic discourse, ensuring governance reforms align with national priorities and public service integrity.
Fatoumatta: Ultimately, governance must transcend partisan politics and focus on sustainable national development. A well-structured constitutional framework can serve as the foundation for a government that prioritizes professionalism, accountability, and the collective interests of the Gambian people.
