Written by Abdoulie Baax Touray.
Overview
Alagi Yorro Jallow’s article is a thought-provoking and intellectually stimulating piece that challenges Gambians to critically examine their national history and independence. He argues that The Gambia’s actual independence was not on February 18, 1965 (when the country gained political independence within the Commonwealth) but rather on April 24, 1970 (when it became a republic, severing constitutional ties with the British monarchy). This perspective is meant to ignite a deeper intellectual and historical debate about the nature of sovereignty, national identity, and the legacy of colonial rule.
Key Themes and Arguments
1. Two Significant Dates in Gambian History
• February 18, 1965: The day The Gambia became an “Independent Constitutional Monarchy” within the Commonwealth, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and represented by a Governor-General.
• April 24, 1970: The day The Gambia officially became a Republic, with Sir Dawda Jawara as the first President, consolidating the positions of head of state and head of government.
Jallow argues that full sovereignty was only attained in 1970, when The Gambia ceased to be constitutionally tied to Britain and gained complete self-governance.
2. Questioning the Conventional Narrative of Independence
• Jallow challenges the traditional narrative that places February 18, 1965, as the defining moment of independence.
• He argues that until 1970, The Gambia still acknowledged the British monarchy, and the national anthem remained “God Save the Queen.”
• He calls on historians, political scientists, constitutional experts, and intellectuals to reexamine this narrative to provide a more accurate historical understanding.
3. The Need for Intellectual Debate and Reflection
• Jallow urges public intellectuals, journalists, and academics (particularly at the University of The Gambia) to engage in meaningful discourse on this subject.
• He views critical historical analysis as a way to fortify national identity and correct misconceptions about the country’s independence.
• He emphasizes the importance of historical accuracy in shaping national consciousness and fostering pride in The Gambia’s sovereignty.
4. The Role of Public Engagement in Nation-Building
• Jallow highlights the importance of public intellectuals and academia in shaping historical narratives.
• He calls for a symposium to facilitate deeper discussions on national identity, governance, and independence.
• He believes that Gambians must move beyond ceremonial celebrations and engage in substantive discussions about their political and historical realities.
Contextualization
1. Understanding Independence in an African Context
Jallow’s argument mirrors similar debates in other African countries that transitioned from colonial rule to full sovereignty in phases. For example:
• Ghana (1957 vs. 1960): Ghana gained independence in 1957 but only became a republic in 1960.
• Nigeria (1960 vs. 1963): Nigeria became independent in 1960 but remained a monarchy under Queen Elizabeth II until it declared a republic in 1963.
• The Gambia (1965 vs. 1970): This follows a similar pattern, where formal independence (1965) preceded full republican status (1970).
These examples show that independence is a process, not a single event, reinforcing Jallow’s argument that The Gambia’s full independence was only achieved in 1970.
2. Intellectual Discourse and Nation-Building
Jallow’s call for intellectual engagement is significant because:
• Many African histories lack critical public debates on foundational national events.
• Public discourse around history is often ceremonial, rather than deeply analytical.
• Understanding the full context of independence can help shape better governance, stronger national identity, and informed civic participation.
His call for universities and scholars to take ownership of historical narratives aligns with global best practices where academics play a crucial role in shaping national identity.
3. Implications for Gambian Identity and Governance
• A clearer understanding of history can help fortify national unity by fostering pride in Gambian sovereignty.
• Reassessing history can offer lessons for current governance—highlighting the struggles, achievements, and missed opportunities of nation-building.
• The legal transition from monarchy to republic in 1970 underscores the importance of constitutional reforms in strengthening democracy.
Conclusion
Alagi Yorro Jallow’s article presents a well-reasoned and timely argument that urges Gambians to reassess their understanding of independence. By advocating for critical intellectual engagement, historical accuracy, and deeper public discourse, he highlights the need to move beyond ceremonial celebrations and engage in substantive conversations about national identity and governance.
His work aligns with broader African and global discussions on decolonization and national sovereignty, making it a crucial contribution to the historiography of The Gambia. This article serves as a valuable starting point for a broader national conversation on what independence truly means and how historical narratives shape the future.
